Four-Layer Model of Open Scientific Communication

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59667/sjoranm.v31i2.14

Keywords:

Open Science, Scientific Publishing, Peer Review, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Open Access, Altmetrics, FAIR Principles, Decentralized Science, Future of Scientific Communication

Abstract

Scientific publishing is being reshaped by digital communication, Open Science, artificial intelligence and decentralized technologies. This editorial proposes a conceptual Four-Layer Model of Open Scientific Communication: (1) the scientist and intellectual honesty; (2) journals and the scientific community; (3) open scientific communication networks; and (4) the scientist within a possible future AI-supported ecosystem. These are complementary, overlapping functions rather than an empirically established sequence of historical stages. The model connects self-criticism and reproducibility with independent editorial evaluation, ongoing post-publication dialogue and recognition based on the quality and long-term influence of individual contributions. Journals remain important for peer review, ethical oversight, curation and preservation. FAIR principles can support reuse without requiring unrestricted access to sensitive data. Blockchain and timestamps may support provenance but do not establish scientific truth, authorship or permanent availability by themselves. AI may assist communication and analysis, while scientific judgment and accountability remain with people. Transparent governance, access controls, correction mechanisms and preservation are necessary. The model offers a framework for discussion about the future of scientific communication in medicine; its benefits and proposed convergence require evaluation.

Author Biographies

  • Frank Mosler, Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern

    Board-certified Radiologist & Neuroradiologist; Senior Consultant, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital

    Dr. med. Frank Mosler is a board-certified radiologist and neuroradiologist with more than 30 years of clinical and academic experience across major European university centers. He completed his medical education and early specialty training in radiology and neurosurgery at Charité University Hospital in Berlin. He later specialized in interventional neuroradiology at Alfried Krupp Hospital in Essen, where he also held senior leadership responsibilities.

    His professional career has included academic medicine, diagnostic and interventional radiology, neuroradiology, healthcare management, quality assurance, and scientific publishing in Germany and Switzerland. Since 2017, he has been affiliated with the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (DIPR) at Inselspital, Bern University Hospital.

    As Editor-in-Chief of the Swiss Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Dr. Mosler leads the journal's editorial and scientific strategy and holds overall responsibility for editorial policy, publication standards, scientific integrity, and final editorial decision-making.

    Institutional affiliation: University Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital
    Location: Bern, Switzerland
    ROR: 01q9sj412

  • Gerd Nöldge, Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern

    Founding Editor & Honorary Editor
    Switzerland & Germany
    Senior Consultant Radiology, University Hospitals Heidelberg & Bern

    Prof. Dr. med. Gerd Nöldge is a renowned German radiologist and pioneer in interventional radiology. As former Senior Consultant at Heidelberg University Hospital, he made groundbreaking contributions to gastrointestinal artery embolization, for which he received the inaugural Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Prize in 1985. He played a key role in advancing kyphoplasty techniques for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, providing long-term evidence for the efficacy and stability of calcium phosphate cement in vertebral body augmentation.

    Prof. Nöldge has also significantly contributed to the clinical development and refinement of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedures, improving outcomes in patients with portal hypertension. His dedication to education and international collaboration has fostered enduring partnerships, including medical exchange programs with leading institutions in China.

    As Founding Editor of the Swiss Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Prof. Nöldge played a decisive role in the establishment and early development of SJORANM. His appointment as Honorary Editor recognizes his founding contribution, his longstanding scientific commitment, and his lasting importance to the journal. 

    Former institutional affiliation: University Hospital Heidelberg – Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
    Location: Heidelberg, Germany & Bern, Switzerland
    ROR: 013czdx64

  • Keivan Daneshvar, University of Bern, University Hospital of Bern, Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Head of the Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, DIPR, Inselspital, Bern

    PD Dr. med. Keivan Daneshvar is a prominent Swiss radiologist and currently serves as Head of the Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology at the University Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (DIPR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital. He also co-leads the Dynamic Imaging Center at sitem-insel, focusing on advanced dynamic and functional musculoskeletal imaging. His clinical expertise centers on musculoskeletal radiology, including MRI/CT/ultrasound of joints, spine, and soft tissues, with special emphasis on sports injuries, degenerative diseases, oncologic MSK imaging, and dynamic/weight-bearing techniques. Dr. Daneshvar has pioneered innovations in AI-assisted diagnostics (e.g., ChatGPT-4.0 for musculoskeletal mass classification and report generation), deep learning reconstruction of accelerated MRI, and multimodal imaging protocols for conditions like diabetic foot, hidradenitis suppurativa, and rotator cuff pathology. As a member of the Editorial Board of the Swiss Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, he bridges MSK radiology with interventional, pediatric, and nuclear medicine advancements for multidisciplinary musculoskeletal care.

    Institutional affiliation: University Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital
    Location: Bern, Switzerland
    ROR: 01q9sj412

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Published

2026-06-30

Data Availability Statement

Not applicable

Issue

Vol. 31 No. 2 (2026)

Section

Specials

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Copyright (c) 2026 Frank Mosler, Gerd Nöldge, Keivan Daneshvar

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This license requires that reusers give credit to the creator. It allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, even for commercial purposes.

How to Cite

Mosler, F., Nöldge, G., & Daneshvar, K. (2026). Four-Layer Model of Open Scientific Communication. Swiss Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, 31(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.59667/sjoranm.v31i2.14

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